Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing Essay -- Aristotle Philosophy Philoso

Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing Aristotle describes three types of life in his search for human flourishing: lives of gratification, politics, and contemplation. He contends that there is a single Idea of Good that all men seek, and he finds that happiness, or eudaimonia, best fits his criteria. Aristotle investigates the human purpose to find how happiness is best achieved, and finds that a life of activity and contemplation satisfies our purpose, achieving the most complete happiness in us. Aristotle is correct regarding the necessity of activity, but restricts the theory to only the life of study. We will reject this restriction, and instead allow any life of virtue and productivity to substitute for Aristotle’s life of study. One primary means of remaining active to achieve happiness includes loving friendships, which only happen to the virtuous. Thus human flourishing is living a life of virtue, activity, and productivity. Aristotle proposes that we have a single Idea of Good which is both complete and self-sufficient, chosen entirely for itself, and that end is happiness. He must establish these three claims: Idea of Good Claim 1) We have ends which we choose for themselves. Idea of Good Claim 2) That there is only one such end. Idea of Good Claim 3) That end is happiness. He argues for Idea of Good Claim 1) as follows (Irwin 173): 1.1. If we choose everything because of something else, desire will be empty and futile. 1.2. We have a gut feeling that some desires are not empty and futile. 1.3. Therefore, we do not choose everything because of something else. 1.4. Therefore we choose something for its own sake. 1.5. What we choose for its own sake, therefore, must be the best good. Th... ...nt role in helping us remain active and virtuous. We can apply a broader application of this search for happiness by allowing lives other than that of study and contemplation to be pursued, as long as virtue and loving friendships are present. To arrive at this conclusion we postulated two of Aristotle’s premises (see Postulate 1 and Postulate 2); allowing these lead us to a worthwhile map of how one may reach eudaimonia, the Idea of Good which follows from the postulates. Overlaying a life of productivity for Aristotle’s requirement of study, we have achieved a valid argument, assuming the postulates, for a means of human flourishing. One should live one’s life with virtue, activity, and productivity. Work Cited: All references are made to Nicomachean Ethics, written by Aristotle, translated by Terrence Irwin. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 1999.

I was taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in invisible systems conferring dominance on my group Essay

Through work to bring materials from women’s studies into the rest of the curriculum, I have often noticed men’s unwillingness to grant that they are overprivileged, even though they may grant that women are disadvantaged. They may say they will work to women’s statues, in the society, the university, or the curriculum, but they can’t or won’t support the idea of lessening men’s. Denials that amount to taboos surround the subject of advantages that men gain from women’s disadvantages. These denials protect male privilege from being fully acknowledged, lessened, or ended. Thinking through unacknowledged male privilege as a phenomenon, I realized that, since hierarchies in our society are interlocking, there was most likely a phenomenon of while privilege that was similarly denied and protected. As a white person, I realized I had been taught about racism as something that puts others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege, which puts me at an advantage. I think whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege, as males are taught not to recognize male privilege. So I have begun in an untutored way to ask what it is like to have white privilege. I have come to see white privilege as an invisible package of unearned assets that I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was â€Å"meant† to remain oblivious. White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools , and blank checks. Describing white privilege makes one newly accountable. As we in women’s studies work to reveal male privilege and ask men to give up some of their power, so one who writes about having white privilege must ask, â€Å"having described it, what will I do to lessen or end it?† After I realized the extent to which men work from a base of unacknowledged privilege, I understood that much of their oppressiveness was unconscious. Then I remembered the frequent charges from women of color that white women whom they encounter are oppressive. I began to understand why we are just seen as oppressive, even when we don’t see ourselves that way. I began to count the ways in which I enjoy unearned skin privilege and have been conditioned into oblivion about its existence. My schooling gave me no training in seeing myself as an oppressor, as an unfairly advantaged person, or as a participant in a damaged culture. I was taught to see myself as an individual whose moral state depended on her individual moral will. My schooling followed the pattern my colleague Elizabeth Minnich has pointed out: whites are taught to think of their lives as morally neutral, normative, and average, and also ideal, so that when we work to benefit others, this is seen as work that will allow â€Å"them† to be more like â€Å"us.†

Hungry for LOVE

Everyone has desires, and one desire, love, is one for which most people crave. Pablo Neuron's poem â€Å"l Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair,† describes how someone is hungry for love. Other poets express this craving for love as fatal as others will tend to kill to be loved. In â€Å"Sonnet 43† by Elizabeth B. Browning and â€Å"Sonnet 116† by Shakespeare also express how powerful love can be. Although there are many differences, they share similarities with the devices they used to convey their messages.They both used imagery to describe the measurement of love in a creative way. Also, they used diction to express the realness in undying love. This is also shown through figurative language. The two sonnets use a wide variety of literary devices to clearly say love is forever. For Elizabeth and Shakespeare, love is far more complex than romance. They each discuss the measurement that is put on love through imagery, which helps define the overall meaning i n the poems. In Sonnet 43, line 2, it reads † I love thee to the depth and breadth and height. Elizabeth found a creative way to depict images of space, time, and eternity. She's basically saying there's no set height of how much she loves his person. In sonnet 1 16, line 8, Shakespeare says â€Å"whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. † He's clearly saying we don't know the value of love, but we're always trying to measure it. Nevertheless, the two sonnets use imagery to help clarify that if it is true love, then it can not be measured nor contained; it will forever prosper past limitations.In Sonnet 43 and Sonnet 1 16, the diction used is quite different in tones, but they both state the same overall meaning. In Elizabethan Sonnet, 43, her word choice voiced a tone of Joy, proud, and strength. The words she used like freely, grace, all my life, and passion all meant that her love was unconditional for this person. Unconditional means you love this person through all the bad and good times, and nothing can replace or alter that feeling.In Shakespearean Sonnet, 1 16, his word choice created a tone of confidence and more adamant. Words like remove, impediments, ever-fixed, and proved guided him in expressing that if it is true love then it will conquer and defy time and death by continuing on after people go away or move on. Although the tones are different, the diction used in both sonnets state hat love is undying by clarifying it does not change regardless of the best or worst situation. Both Browning and Shakespeare took a deeper spin on what love really is.They used a vide variety of figurative language, but the two sonnets contain similar hyperbole that exaggerated how powerful love can be. In Sonnet 43, she says † I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life.. † This is hyperboloids because you can't love someone with everything in you before you even have met them. In Sonnet 1 16, Shakespeare wrote, à ¢â‚¬  but bears it out even to the edge of doom. This is overdone because we don't know what the edge of doom is. It's Just a more inventive way to say love is unaffected throughout time and remains so after death.The use of hyperbole explain how love is the most over the top feeling, and why it is the only real thing in people's lives. Love is the most complicated feeling, but yet the best one as well. Just like Elizabeth and Shakespeare, majority of poets write about how love is boundless and continuous. Through imagery, they both express that you can't measure the existence of love; limitations cannot delay or damage it. The declaration of love that will survive the grave in Sonnet 43 is similar to how love defies death in Sonnet 1 16, which is shown through diction.Elizabeth is articulating feelings of love about someone, but Shakespeare is persistence in explaining love in its most ideal form; however, they both used figurative language to stretch out in someway Just how real and pure love is. The connection between the two sonnets illustrates that love's actual worth is not known its remains a mystery. In conclusion, each poet did a phenomenal Job by using literary devices in similar ways to clearly state love is eternal.

Different sides of Clive Linley

Which in this case makes him cold hearted and selfish human being who clearly does not have his priorities straight. This came as a big surprise to me after I had read how good of a friend he was. The book is mostly about two men who have been brought together again after their close friend dies.The way how Clive treats his friend differences a lot from how he reacted in the situation mentioned before. In fact he is there for his friend in every situation no matter how difficult it might be. â€Å"When Vernon was laid up with a rare viral infection of the spine, Clive visited almost every day, bringing books, music, videos and champagne†(Mclean 1998:43). This is one of many examples what Clive had done for his friend, without asking anything in return. It shows that he still cares and knows how to treat people but maybe Just close ones. On the other hand, he was still palpable of arranging his best friend's death and the other way around.The thing is, this part of the book cam e as a shock. He arranged the death of his best friend. That alone says something about him. He could be a self-centered and egotistic man. After having disagreed on a subject with Vernon and Vernon not taking his advice maybe he Just could not have let it go. Or he thought he was being a good friend and ending one's life because that was what he thought the one had wanted. In that case it would make him in some eyes loyal and committed. Clive had asked his friend to end his life if he would start to lose It.Yes, on one condition only: that you'd do the same for me. V. â€Å"(Mclean 1998:57) Maybe In Clime's eyes he was already losing It and he did what had to be done. In the end I think the book Is purposely ended with a mystery. It leaves a lot of questions about the characters as well. As to Clive Lintel- he Is a genius who does not let anything get In the way of his Inspirations, a person who knows how to treat his loved ones and a man who Is capable of doing terrible things ei ther out of fury or to keep his word. Mclean, Ian. (1998). Amsterdam. Great Britain. Jonathan Cape

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business Essay - 4

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business - Essay Example Every now and then, the Environmental Council is giving regular and proactive sessions to give information and raise awareness about environmental protection in businesses and homes. Furthermore, they also implemented environmental reporting wherein companies of different sectors are encouraged to disclose environmental information in their annual reports. Through this scheme, it would be easy for the government to recognize those companies that are not serious in doing their part in order to increase environmental awareness. Malaysia is one of the countries in East Asia that is very committed and willing to intensify their environmental regulation (Perry & Singh, 2001). Just like Singapore, Malaysia is also experiencing environmental hazards like air, water, and grease contamination brought by their economic growth particularly by manufacturing and industrialization. One of the best illustrations is the country’s Environmental Quality (Amendment) Act of 1996 that regulates th e dumping of hazardous wastes and pollution control. They are also using environmental reporting to promote and improve environmental awareness among businesses by making them more committed and voluntarily communicate their environmental activities. This scheme is highly considered by the government as part of their regulatory practices, and companies on the other hand have accepted the obligation and expanded their responsibilities to the environment. The scheme become widespread considering that the number of participating companies especially those environmentally sensitive industries are increasing (â€Å"The State,† n.d.). This only proved that Malaysia’s environmental regulation is effective and is strictly implemented. Singapore and Malaysia’s environmental measures are sufficient considering that they give some positive results, such as companies in different sectors are becoming more transparent in their compliance with environmental regulations throug h environmental reporting. Also, these companies have come to believe that being an environmentally-driven company would give them more profit considering that regulation could bring cost savings (Perry & Singh, 2001). Through this scheme companies have been more willing to pay for environmental improvements, and learned to protect and preserve the environment through â€Å"energy efficiency schemes, waste reduction strategies or the improved design and recyclability of their products† (â€Å"An Introduction,† n.d.). Singapore and Malaysia: Wage and Working-Hour Legislation According to the Employment Act of Singapore, the minimum working hours for workers is eight hours a day or a maximum of forty-four hours in one week in absence of agreement (â€Å"Employment Act,† n.d.). In addition, â€Å"Singapore has no minimum wage or unemployment benefits† (Global Investment & Business Center, 2008, p. 46). Workers are paid at least once a month subject to employ er-employee negotiation and on what has been stipulated in the employment contract. On the other hand, according to the Employment Act 1955 of Malaysia, the minimum working hours for workers is 8 hours a day and not more than 48 hours in one week with a rest of 30 minutes every after 5 consecutive hours

Jesus and Mohammed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesus and Mohammed - Essay Example The lives and deaths of these two individuals had a tremendous impact on their respective religions. On the one hand, Jesus' death was essential to the central doctrine of Christianity whereby Christ is believed to have died in order to save God's children from their sins. On the other hand, Mohammed's life was more important than his death in terms of spreading Islam, as he became the leader of an effort to spread the doctrine of the new religion based upon God's revelations that were believed to have been communicated to him through the Angel Gabriel. Jesus did not purport to espouse a new religion, but rather sought to teach a new covenant of Judaism whereby God's will would become clearer to his fellow Jews. It was Jesus' followers after his death that spread the teachings and the story of his life, death and resurrection as a distinct religion from Judaism in its own right. By contrast, Mohammed, with knowledge of the new Christian religion and its Jewish precursor, affirmatively sought to establish and aggressively spread Islam as a new religion during his own life. Thus, the lives of Jesus and Mohammed had a wholly different kind of influence on the religions each spawned. The lives of JThe Lives and Teachings of Jesus and Mohammed The lives of Jesus and Mohammed were marked by some very key and fundamental differences. The choices both individuals made regarding their lifestyles and their teachings evidenced dramatically different attitudes and values pertaining to violence, sin and repentance, the place of women, and their overall views regarding the will of God. Their teachings and example are so profoundly different that it may be difficult to understand how they can both purport to convey the word and will of the same God. Even their dying words illustrate a quite different attitude toward nonbelievers, with Jesus praying that they be forgiven "for they know not what they do," while Mohammed cursed and blamed the Jews and Christians upon his death for building "the places of worship at the graves of the prophets" (http://answering-islam.org.uk/Silas/founders.htm). Essentially, the attitude both men had toward those whom they perceived as misguided nonbelievers were exactly the opposite in tone. "Christ asks God to forgive His enemies, while Muhammad utters a bitter curse against those who rejected his assertion of prophethood." Their views on slavery were also fundamentally different. Jesus did not own slaves, and the New Testament specifically lists the trading of slaves as being criminal in nature. 1 Timothy 1:8-10 states, "law is made not for the righteous but for lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly and sinful, the unholy and irreligious; for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, for adulterers and perverts, for slave traders and liars and perjurers..." The so-called "Golden Rule" of the Gospel of Luke (6:31), whereby Jesus teaches to "do to others as you would have them do to you," could also be construed as a directive against enslaving people. By contrast, Mohammed owned many slaves and specifically condoned their less than dignified treatment. The Koran is replete with examples of Mohammed's practice of enslaving many different types of people, and condoning the mistreatment of them. For example:

Legal, security, or privacy issues within electronic commerce Assignment

Legal, security, or privacy issues within electronic commerce - Assignment Example These provisions relate to the issue of software updates. The law is controversial, although it aims at reducing malware and spyware, because it affects firms that produce legitimate software. It became illegal for companies, through their websites, to install software on the users’ computers automatically. This meant that such a process of software installation required explicit consent from the users. However, certain exemptions to the law include JavaScript, HTML, cookies related to the operating system, and bug fixes. In my personal opinion, the law is essential for the users’ online privacy and security. However, I feel that most companies and organizations are not prepared for the law and they may require more time to accept the change. The event influences my perception of the organizations in terms of their limitation in the resources that facilitate the adoption of the law. Firms and individuals have a hard time dealing with the temporal spam in the messages sent, in reaction to the anti-spam